Table 3 Clinical and laboratory features of SCD individuals in 3 age categories (< 5 years; 5–17 years and ≥ 18 years)
From: A ten year review of the sickle cell program in Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania
Variable | N | Age group (years) | Test statistic | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–4 years | 5–17 years | ≥18 years | ||||
Clinical features | ||||||
 Age (years) (Median,IQR] | 3265 | 2.5 (1·4–3.8) | 9.5 (7.1–12.5) | 23.7 (20.3–29.5) |  |  |
 Pulse rate (beats/min) [mean, sd] | 3238 | 110.11 ± 23.1 | 94.0 ± 15.1 | 83.5 ± 13.7 | 446.3↓ | < 0.001 |
 Temperature(oc) [mean, sd] | 3413 | 36.5 ± 1.5 | 36.5 ± 1.0 | 36.3 ± 1.8 | 3.16↓ | 0.042 |
 Systolic Blood pressure (mm/Hg) [mean, sd] | 2993 | 97.9 ± 24.2 | 104.9 ± 14.4 | 116.6 ± 16.9 | 160.8↑ | < 0.001 |
 Diastolic blood pressure(mm/Hg) [mean, sd] | 2993 | 58.8 ± 16.4 | 63.9 ± 11.5 | 70.7 ± 12.2 | 127.9↑ | < 0.001 |
 Peripheral Oxygen saturation,(median, IQR) | 2713 | 99 (97–100) | 98 (96–100) | 98 (96–99) | 13.7 | 0.001 |
 Peripheral Oxygen desaturation, [n/N (%)] | 2713 | 170 (15.4) | 200 (16.4) | 58 (14.9) | 0.654 | 0.721 |
 Jaundice, [n/N (%)] | 3171 | 542 (45.0) | 943 (61.2) | 292 (68.4) | 102.0↑ | < 0.001 |
 Pallor, [n/N (%)] | 3102 | 447 (37.8) | 573 (38.1) | 142 (34.5) | 2.06 | 0.357 |
 Palpable Spleen, [n/N (%)] | 3242 | 192 (15.5) | 201 (12.9) | 21 (4.7) | 35.0↓ | < 0.001 |
Laboratory features | ||||||
 Hemoglobin (Hb) (g/dL) | 3456 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 7.4 ± 1.4 | 7.6 ± 2.1 | 10.24↑ | < 0.001 |
 Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) | 1942 | 12.2 ± 7.9 | 6.8 ± 5.63 | 5.6 ± 4.7 | 182.9↓ | < 0.001 |
 Mean Cell Volume (MCV) (fL) | 3454 | 78.1 ± 11.1 | 79.7 ± 11.7 | 82.4 ± 13.8 | 22.49↑ | < 0.001 |
 Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH) (pg) | 3406 | 24.6 ± 3.6 | 26.0 ± 4.1 | 27.2 ± 5.0 | 84.11↑ | < 0.001 |
 Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration(MCHC) (g/dL) | 3419 | 31.4 ± 1.7 | 32.5 ± 2.1 | 32.9 ± 2.1 | 169.58↑ | < 0.001 |
 Red Cell Distribution width (RDW) (%) | 3440 | 23.8 ± 4.0 | 22.6 ± 3.8 | 21.1 ± 4.4 | 81.22↓ | < 0.001 |
 Reticulocyte (%) | 1212 | 13.3 ± 7.8 | 11.3 ± 7.5 | 10.3 ± 7.0 | 14.45↓ | < 0.001 |
 Absolute reticulocyte (×109/L) | 1153 | 0.40 ± 0.35 | 0.33 ± 0.32 | 0.33 ± 0.62 | 5.06↓ | 0.006 |
 White Blood Cells (WBC) (×109/L)) | 3238 | 19.2 ± 8.3 | 15.6 ± 6.6 | 12.4 ± 5.2 | 170.95↓ | < 0.001 |
 Platelets (PLT) (×109/L)) | 3453 | 377.6 ± 19.8 | 444.4 ± 205 | 450.7 ± 213.2 | 45.92↑ | < 0.001 |
 Log(Bilirubin total (μmol/L)) | 1706 | 3.62 ± 0.74 | 4.11 ± −.78 | 4.16 ± 0.81 | 76.3↑ | < 0.001 |
 Log(Bilirubin direct (μmol/L)) | 1561 | 2.45 ± 0.82 | 2.73 ± 0.80 | 2.79 ± 0.90 | 21.3↑ | < 0.001 |
 Log(Bilirubin indirect (μmol/L)) | 1545 | 3.28 ± 0.83 | 3.76 ± 0.92 | 3.80 ± 0.91 | 47.9↑ | < 0.001 |
 Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (U/L) | 1750 | 53.2 ± 31.5 | 52.0 ± 38.3 | 48.2 ± 39.8 | 1.64 | 0.193 |
 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (IU/L) | 1758 | 314.2 ± 147.2 | 267.5 ± 140.5 | 179.2 ± 156.1 | 75.69↓ | < 0.001 |
 Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (U/L) | 1196 | 962.2 ± 428.0 | 971.6 ± 481.1 | 918.4 ± 686.9 | 0.78↑ | 0.461 |
 Log(Creatinine (μmol/L)) | 1744 | 3.49 ± 0.36 | 3.23 ± 0.39 | 3.94 ± 0.43 | 117.0↑ | < 0.001 |