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Table 1 Characteristics of the study population

From: Diagnostic utility of zinc protoporphyrin to detect iron deficiency in Kenyan preschool children: a community-based survey

 

All children

Children without inflammation or Plasmodium infection

n

 

338

 

84

Age

 12–23.99 months

53.6%

(181)

54.8%

(46)

 24–36 months

46.4%

(157)

45.2%

(38)

Sex, male

55.0%

(186)

47.6%

(40)

Height-for-age z-score, SD

−1.33

(1.4)

−0.91

(1.5)

Stunted (height-for-age z-score < −2 SD)

30.2%

(102)

14.3%

(12)

Weight-for-height z-score, SD

−0.14

(1.0)

−0.15

(0.97)

Wasted (weight-for-age z-score < −2 SD)

3.0%

(10)

2.4%

(2)

Whole blood ZPP, μmol/mol haem

181

[124–282]

131

[98–239]

Whole blood ZPP > 70 μmol/mol haem

97.9%

(331)

97.6%

(82)

Erythrocyte ZPP, μmol/mol haem

142

[86–246]

117

[69–215]

Erythrocyte ZPP > 70 μmol/mol haem

83.1%

(281)

72.6%

(61)

Erythrocyte ZPP > 40 μmol/mol haem

96.7%

(327)

95.2%

(80)

Haemoglobin concentration, g/L

105.0

(13.2)

111.7

(10.0)

Anaemia (haemoglobin concentration < 108 g/L)

55.6%

(188)

34.5%

(29)

Plasma ferritin concentration, μg/L

35.3

[17.1–67.2]a

17.3

[10.3–28.8]b

Iron statusc

 Deficient

17.1%

(57/333)

32.1%

(27/81)

 Replete

23.1%

(77/333)

64.3%

(54/81)

 Uncertain

59.8%

(199/333)

Not applicable

 

Plasma sTfR concentration, mg/L

2.43

[1.84–3.30]

2.11

[1.50–2.94]

Plasma albumin concentration, g/L

34.8

(3.9)

37.4

(2.2)

Plasma vitamin B12 concentration, pmol/L

400

[307–559]d

356

[283–452]e

Plasma vitamin B12 concentration < 150 pmol/L

1.2%

(4/332)

1.2%

(1/80)

Plasma CRP concentration, mg/L

2.9

[0.8–9.2]

Not applicable

 

Plasma AGP concentration, g/L

1.16

[0.9–1.55]

Not applicable

 

Inflammation

 Plasma CRP concentration > 5 mg/L

37.9%

(128)

Not applicable

 

 Plasma AGP concentration > 1.0 g/L

63.6%

(215)

Not applicable

 

 Plasma CRP concentration > 5 mg/L, or plasma AGP concentration > 1.0 g/L

66.9%

(226)

Not applicable

 

Plasmodium infection

  P. falciparum

36.1%

(122)

Not applicable

 

  Plasmodium spp. other than P. falciparum

0.3%

(1)

Not applicable

 

 Missing

0.9%

(3)

Not applicable

 
  1. Values indicate mean (SD), median [25th and 75th percentile] or % (n)
  2. AGP α 1-acid glycoprotein, CRP C-reactive protein, sTfR soluble transferrin receptor, ZPP zinc protoporphyrin
  3. Missing values, due to insufficient plasma volumes for analysis, resulted in a n = 333, b n = 81; c Deficient: plasma ferritin concentration < 12 μg/L, regardless of the presence or absence of inflammation; replete: plasma ferritin concentration ≥ 12 μg/L, in the absence of inflammation; uncertain: plasma ferritin concentration ≥ 12 μg/L, in the presence of inflammation defined as plasma concentrations of CRP > 5 mg/L or AGP > 1.0 g/L. Missing values, due to insufficient plasma volumes for analysis, resulted in d n = 332 and e n = 80
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BMC Hematology

ISSN: 2052-1839

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